The Markiesje is a distinguished Dutch breed with roots that trace back through centuries of European history. Believed to have originated in the Middle Ages, this small spaniel-type dog is prominently featured in historical Dutch paintings. Originally known as a "Spioen" or "Spanjoel," terms referring to different types of hunting dogs, the Markiesje gained popularity among the Dutch aristocracy and upper class during the 18th century. It shares common ancestors with various Continental and British dwarf spaniels, including the Epagneul Nain Continental (Papillon and Phalène) and the King Charles Spaniel.

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Initially used for hunting, the Markiesje eventually transitioned to become cherished companions among the nobility and wealthy households. These "lap spaniels" were valued for their affectionate temperament and ability to keep the bedroom free of vermin, serving both practical and companionship roles in Dutch society.

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In the 19th century, the Markiesje captured the attention of European nobility, with several French kings reportedly favoring these small spaniels as their favored companions. Legends suggest that the breed may have been named after the Marquise de Pompadour, a prominent figure in French royal circles during the reign of Louis XV, although the exact origins of the name remain unclear.​

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Interest in preserving the Markiesje as a distinct breed was revived in the mid-20th century, notably through the efforts of Dutch enthusiasts and breeders. Mia van Woerden from Boornbergum played a pivotal role in this revival, advocating for the breed's recognition and restoration. Articles published in dog magazines and newspapers during the 1970s highlighted the breed's historical significance and called for cooperation in its conservation.

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Formal efforts to establish and standardize the breed began in the late 1970s, leading to the formation of breed clubs and the drafting of a breed standard under the guidance of experienced judges and breeders. By the late 1990s, the Markiesje was officially recognized as a Dutch breed by the national kennel club, marking a significant milestone in its conservation and promotion.

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Today, the Markiesje continues to be cherished for its elegant appearance, friendly disposition, and historical significance. With approximately 3,300 registered dogs and a dedicated community of enthusiasts, efforts are ongoing to ensure the breed's preservation and recognition both in the Netherlands and internationally.